You Probably Don’t Even Know What You Don’t Know
On Loving Reservation Dogs
Susan Briante
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In a backwards baseball cap and dangling beaded earrings, Willie Jack (played by Paulina Alexis) one of four indigenous teenage protagonists of Sterlin Harjo’s award-winning comedy series Reservation Dogs, sits at a table in a prison’s visitation area her arms outstretched, palms up. Her incarcerated aunt, Hokti (Lily Gladstones) tells Willie Jack to close her eyes and breathe.
Willie Jack has come looking for guidance from her aunt from whom she’s felt estranged since the death of Hokti’s son, Daniel. We learn that Daniel has died by suicide shortly before the series begins. His death bonds and haunts the show’s main characters and Daniel’s best friends (Willie Jack, Elora, Cheese and Bear). After some tension, and some cajoling from Hokti’s spirit guide, Gram (Tafv Sampson) who chastises “Your vibe sucks. I walked the Trail of Tears, and I smile more than you,” Hokti relents.
She tells Willie Jack to lay her forearms down on the cement table palms up, close her eyes, and breathe. “We are going to have a little prayer,” Hokti explains. “Remember the stories I told you when we were growing up, about the people we come from? Generations of medicine people. …Men and women whose songs carried us through the dark. They’re watching you, my girl. You don’t need me. You have them.”
As Hokti speaks, the cement gray walls of the visitation room fade and a group of indigenous elders appear behind Willie Jack, their hands folded in prayer. When one of them touches Willie Jack’s shoulder, the teen cries “Oh shit!” and begins to weep.
Viewers never know exactly what Willie Jack feels. Reservation Dogs doesn’t explain itself. Tribes aren’t named, traditions aren’t unpacked, words remain untranslated. No character will expound upon why an owl’s eyes appear pixelated on the screen or what Willie Jack means when she calls Uncle Brownie (Gary Farmer) a “shape shifter.” A non-indigenous viewer may never learn the name of the red-eyed, bigfoot-like creature that appears first in the forest to Willie Jack’s father (Jon Proudstar) and then, in the series finale on Cheese’s T-shirt. But Reservation Dogs' intended audience will. Sterlin Harjo, the show’s co-creator, writer and showrunner, is a member of the Muscogee and Seminole nations, and a lifelong Oklahoman. The series, the first mainstream television show on which every writer, director, and series regular is indigenous, was made for an indigenous community: “For us by us” as the saying goes.
Harjo fought to have the show shot in Oklahoma where it was set. Production designer Brandon Tonner-Connolly told Vulture magazine that in creating the fictional town of Okern, he and co-designer Sampson (who in addition to acting in Reservation Dogs is also a filmmaker and activist) were determined to be authentic: “We’re thinking about the crew and cast who are from the community, and the people down the block who might stop by to watch filming. We want them to feel the spaces are right. It’s about that experience as much as the final product on film.”
Watching Reservation Dogs, easily one of my favorite television shows of the past ten years, makes me think about audience and how it feels as a white woman to be able to enjoy something that was not created for me. Essayist Hanif Abdurraqib talks about audience in a way that (like many things) both is and isn’t about race. In an interview with Fred Moten, Abdurraqib shares that when he was about to publish an excerpt from his collection A Little Devil in America on playing the card game spades, a white editor remarked: “Well you know you don’t really explain how to play spades in this piece. Is there a way that you can maybe drop in a couple paragraphs to explain how to play?”
Abdurraqib goes on, “And of course, I was like ‘Well, fuck no.’” He continues: “The real idea around spades, as I understood it, was that I was a gracious audience at tables that I otherwise wasn't allowed access to. When I hit a certain age, I got to sit at a table. … The sitting at the table was an explanation, being an audience to the movements of the table was explanation.” Moten calls this education through prolonged attention a “rigorous process of witnessing and learning.” (You could, dear reader, do yourself a favor by listening to that whole conversation).
If you stick around throughout the three seasons of Reservation Dogs, you also catch references to Star Wars and Platoon, to the 1988 fantasy film Willow and to Tim Cappello, the bare-chested saxophonist from The Lost Boys, who also makes a cameo. Uncle Brownie tells the teens: “We ain’t like white people (who) just get a book and are supposed to remember something. You listen. You learn.”
It is the kind of attention, rare in this dopamine spiked, social media fueled present, that Reservation Dogs requires, the kind of attention that honors an intended audience and teaches others to enjoy those things they were not meant to fully understand.
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There are too many unique, tender and funny characters, episodes, and moments to list here that make this show worth watching and rewatching. Still, here’s a few:
- The “NDN Clinic” episode’s unpacking of the intersections between bureaucracy and community. It introduces viewers to the gum smacking, wise-cracking receptionist Bev (Jana Schmieding)—one of my favorite characters. (Don’t sleep on scenes of flirting between her and tribal police officer Big, played by Zahn McClarnon.)
- “Wide Net” which focuses on the middle aged “aunties” of the res cutting loose at the yearly Indian Health Service’s conference. (“Listen to me,” Bev says, “White people go to Cancun, we go to IHS conferences.”)
- “Mabel” which recounts the tender way the community gathers to lay to rest Elora’s grandmother Mabel
- Any of the moments when spirit guides show up, like when Bear’s spirit guide, William Knifeman (Dallas Goldtooth) tells Bear he had a grandmother who “liked to smash white dudes like hotcakes” or in another episode when he refers to himself as “a Greek chorus with a loin cloth.”
- Quick depictions of old white men such as the one who upon seeing some land back graffiti asks “They mean the whole damn thing? They want the whole damn thing back?”
- The soundtrack which kicks off the show with The Stooges' “I want to be your dog” and ends its with George Jones’ “Will the Circle be Unbroken” and doesn’t let up for second in between
- The show’s handling of intergenerational grief and trauma, adolescence and aging, the economics and exclusions that make up contemporary indigenous life in Oklahoma, home to 39 tribal nations and eighth poorest state in the United States
But I’m sure I am missing something. I know I’m probably getting this wrong.
When I recall the image of Willie Jack praying with the ancestors gathered around her from the episode “The Offering” I worry that I am imitating a pattern of reception that Reservation Dogs works so hard to shatter. Am I falling into the comfort of a stereotype when I swoon over the indigenous woman as healer? There is so much in the world tainted by white supremacy I can’t be sure. Is it possible I just want to imagine myself surrounding by caring ancestors? Is it possible that this feeling is both real and dangerously close to what critic Phillip Delora would call “playing Indian”?
“I have no answers, only questions,” William Knifeman tells Bear.
I spent one year in Oklahoma, writing for the now-defunct Tulsa Tribune. I used to drive the highways and back roads around Tulsa, smoking American Spirit cigarettes, listening to cassette tapes and trying to learn a little something about my new home. I saw muddy rivers and truss bridges, empty storefronts and abandoned buildings, forests and grassy fields. But you don’t learn much when you don’t stop the car.
I write this in December. For much of the year here in Tucson, the sun rules: a tormenter, our stern limit-maker. But as winter approaches the sun becomes our caretaker. And the nights—always a solace—often offer a sky as cold and clear as a creek run with snow melt. Dark blue and unfathomable. How much better would this world be if folks could approach what they don’t understand as if it were an open sky rather than a threat?
Abdurraqib and Moten talk about learning “that you probably don’t even know what you don’t know.”
Of course, any of the questions you might have about Reservation Dogs may only be a Google search away. But I wonder: How much better this world would be if white people could ask more questions about their own intentions and feelings, become more comfortable in being uncomfortable, learn to sit with and enjoy even that which they may not understand, that which—like the whole December sky—wasn’t made for them.
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Susan Briante is the author of Defacing the Monument (Noemi Press 2020), essays on immigration, archives, aesthetics and the state. She co-directs the University of Arizona’s Southwest Field Studies in Writing Program, bringing students to the US-Mexico border. Her book 13 Questions for the Next Economy: New and Selected Works was released by Noemi Press in October.


























